Accessibility and connectivity: the economic competitiveness of cities and the quality of citizens living in urban areas are directly influenced by the accessibility of urban services and services inside and outside cities, as well as by connectivity. Accessibility is a function of proximity to destinations and the immediacy of routes to them (network connectivity), but also depends on the ability of travelers to use this network, which may decrease for example as travelers grow older and less physically able or emotionally secure or simply through changing economic circumstances. The mobility of goods and people is often considered to conflict with environmental sustainability. But analyzing transport systems through the lens of accessibility and connectivity can facilitate the joint pursuit of mobility and sustainability goals. This change of paradigm requires new research related to: a) travelers' needs, their behaviors and local proximity; b) the design of new technologies to support better integration of land use and transport systems; c) closing the gap between travelers' needs and behavior to improve urban performance. This paradigm shift also requires a better understanding of the sectoral changes at stake, their interrelations and their overall effects on urban performance.